Natural killer cell stimulating factor (medicine) and doldrums (oh)

Natural killer cell stimulating factor (medicine)

natural killer cell stimulating factor -->
interleukin-12
<cytokine> A 75 kD heterodimeric cytokine composed of disulfide-bonded 40 kD and 35 kD subunits that was originally identified by its ability to induce cytotoxic effector cells in synergy with less than optimal concentrations of interleukin-2.

It is released by macrophages in response to infection and promotes the activation of cell-mediated immunity. Specifically, IL-12 triggers the maturation of Thl CD4 cells, specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and an increase in the activity of NK cells and consequently, it is the initiator of cell-mediated immunity.

It enhances the lytic activity of NK cells, induces interferon production, stimulates the proliferation of activated T-cells and NK cells. Is secreted by human B lymphoblastoid cells (NC 37). May play a role in controlling immunoglobulin isotype selection as it also inhibits IgE synthesis (even in the presence of anti-IFN monoclonal antibody) and as a growth factor for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells independently of interleukin-2, and for CD56+ NK cells but not resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells or resting or activated tonsillar B-cells.

It is likely that interleukin 12 has a major role in protective immunity against viruses and is under study as an immunotherapy in HIV infection.

Formerly referred to as cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor.

Acronym: IL-12

doldrums (oh)

[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Perhaps from dold 'stupid' (1400-1500)]
a) if an industry, company, activity etc is in the doldrums, it is not doing well or developing
in the doldrums
::The property market has been in the doldrums for months.
::Recent economic doldrums have damaged the rural west.
b) if you are in the doldrums, you are feeling sad
::Fay is in the doldrums today.

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