See Also: Metternich (-Winneburg-Beilstein), Klemens (Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar), prince von(encyclopedia)
Wenzel Anton, prince von Kaunitz -Rietberg(encyclopedia)
Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad(encyclopedia)
Hummel, Johann Nepomuk(encyclopedia)
bifocal(dictionary)
bifocal(medicine)
bifocal spectacles(medicine)
bifocal lens(medicine)
Herbal medicine (botanical medicine, herbology, phytomedicine)(health)
Lothar I(encyclopedia)

bifocal lens (medicine) and Metternich (-Winneburg-Beilstein), Klemens (Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar), prince von (sh)


bifocal lens (medicine)


bifocal lens


A lens used in cases of presbyopia, in which one portion is suited for distant vision, the Other for reading and close work in General; the reading addition may be cemented to the lens, fused to the front surface, or ground in one-piece form; Other bifocal lens's are the flat-top Franklin type, or blended invisible.


Metternich (-Winneburg-Beilstein), Klemens (Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar), prince von (sh)




born May 15, 1773, Coblenz, archbishopric of Trier
died June 11, 1859, Vienna, Austria

Austrian statesman.

He served in the diplomatic service as Austrian minister in Saxony (1801-03), Berlin (1803-05), and Paris (1806-09). In 1809 Francis I of Austria (see Emperor Francis II) appointed him minister of foreign affairs, a position he would retain until 1848. He helped promote the Marriage of Napoleon and Francis's daughter Marie-Louise. By skillful diplomacy and deceit, he kept Austria neutral in the war between France and Russia (1812) and secured its position of power before finally allying with Prussia and Russia (1813). In gratitude for his diplomatic achievements, the emperor created Metternich a hereditary prince. As the organizer of the Congress of Vienna (1814-15), he was largely responsible for the policy of balance of power in Europe to ensure the stability of European governments. After 1815 he remained firmly opposed to liberal ideas and revolutionary movements. He was forced to resign by the revolution of 1848. He is remembered for his role in restoring Austria as a leading European power.


Metternich, black and white chalk drawing by Anton Graff, c. 1803-05; in the ...

Courtesy of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, Ger.