herrings (medicine) and Mao Zedong (sh)

herrings (medicine)

herring
<zoology> One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, especially. The common round or English herring (C. Harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities. Herring gull The chimaera (C. Monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See Chimaera. The opah.

Origin: OE. Hering, AS. Haering; akin to D. Haring, G. Haring, hering, OHG. Haring, hering, and prob. To AS. Here army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.

Source: Websters Dictionary

Mao Zedong (sh)

or Mao Tse-tung

born Dec. 26, 1893, Shaoshan, Hunan province, China
died Sept. 9, 1976, Beijing

Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, and statesman who led China's communist revolution and served as chairman of the People's Republic of China (1949-59) and chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP; 1931-76).

The son of a peasant, Mao joined the revolutionary army that overthrew the Qing dynasty but, after six months as a soldier, left to acquire more Education. At Beijing University he met Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, founders of the CCP, and in 1921 he committed himself to Marxism. At that time, Marxist thought held that revolution lay in the hands of urban workers, but in 1925 Mao concluded that in China it was the peasantry, not the urban proletariat, that had to be mobilized. He became chairman of a Chinese Soviet Republic formed in rural Jiangxi province; its Red Army withstood repeated attacks from Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist army but at last undertook the Long March to a more secure position in northwestern China. There Mao became the undisputed head of the CCP. Guerrilla warfare tactics, appeals to the local population's nationalist sentiments, and Mao's agrarian policies gained the party military advantages against their Nationalist and Japanese enemies and broad support among the peasantry. Mao's agrarian Marxism differed from the Soviet model, but, when the communists succeeded in taking power in China in 1949, the Soviet Union agreed to provide the new state with technical assistance. However, Mao's Great Leap Forward and his criticism of "new bourgeois elements" in the Soviet Union and China alienated the Soviet Union irrevocably; Soviet aid was withdrawn in 1960. Mao followed the failed Great Leap Forward with the Cultural Revolution, also considered to have been a disastrous mistake. After Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping introduced social and economic reforms that began reversing the policies put in place by Mao. See also Jiang Qing; Liu Shaoqi; Maoism.

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