Schleswig-Holstein Question (sh) and estate(1) (iou)

Schleswig-Holstein Question (sh)

Conflict between Denmark and Prussia over Schleswig-Holstein.

In the 1840s the Danish-speaking population of northern Schleswig, supported by the Danish government, wanted to detach Schleswig from Holstein and incorporate it with Denmark, whereas the German-speaking majority of the two duchies wanted to combine them as a state within the German Confederation. An 1848 uprising by Germans in the region was aided by the Prussian army in a war that ousted Denmark's troops (1848-51). The agreements of 1851-52 restored the region's status quo. In 1863 a renewed attempt by Denmark to annex Schleswig caused Prussia and Austria to declare war in 1864. After the Danish defeat at Dybb?l and the occupation of Jutland, Denmark was forced to surrender all of Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia and Austria.

estate(1) (iou)

estate noun. ME.
[Old French estat (mod. etat), from Latin status: see STATE noun.]
I. Condition.
State or condition (material, moral, physical, etc.). arch. ME.
E. A. Freeman The wall, in its first estate, seems to have been merely a dyke of earth and rough stones. Browning In prime of life, perfection of estate. F. Norris This was his final estate, a criminal.
b. A particular state, condition, or stage of life. obsolete exc. in certain phrs. ME.
man's estate manhood. woman's estate womanhood.
Book of Common Prayer To live together..in the holy estate of matrimony.
Condition as regards Health, prosperity, etc. arch. LME.
H. A. L. Fisher The best and most permanent contribution which that age was able to make to the relief of man's estate.
b. Natural or normal condition; good condition, Health, well-being. LME-L16.
II. Status, authority; a category of people with this.
Standing in the world, degree of rank or dignity; esp. high rank. arch. ME.
C. F. Alexander The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them, high or lowly, And ordered their estate.
b. A person of high rank. LME-M17.
Grandeur, pomp, state. obsolete exc. poet. LME.
chair of estate, cup of estate, etc.: used on ceremonial or state occasions.
A particular class or category of people in a community or nation. Now rare. LME.
R. Recorde This Rule is..profitable for all estates of men. Nature The scientific estate is passing through a troubled period.
A class or order forming part of the body politic and sharing in government; spec. in Britain, each of the three Estates of the Realm (see below). LME.
Gladstone The concessions of the spiritual estate of the realm.
b. In pl. An assembly of the governing classes or their representatives. E17.
C. V. Wedgwood The meeting of the Dutch Estates at The Hague.
The authority of a monarch; governmental authority and administration. LME-L17.
Form of government, constitution. Only in 17.
A body politic, a state. E17-M18.
III. (A piece of) land; property.
Property, possessions, fortune, capital. arch. ME.
b. The collective assets and liabilities of a person, esp. one deceased or bankrupt. M19.
J. Wainwright A legacy..from the estate of some uncle.
Law. The interest that a person has in land or Other property. LME.
estate in fee, estate tail, etc.
A landed property, esp. a large one. M18.
U. Le Guin The family still owned an estate of seven thousand acres and fourteen villages.
b. A property on which is grown a crop not native to Britain, as grapes, tea, coffee, or rubber. M19.
P. V. Price The great wines are..bottled at the estates where they are made.
c. A residential or industrial district planned as a whole by one owner or local authority; the aggregate of tied public houses belonging to one brewery. L19.
council estate, housing estate, industrial estate, etc.
C. Priest Now it was an estate, with thirty-six identical houses placed in a neat circular avenue.
IV.
In full estate car, estate wagon. A car designed to carry both passengers and goods, usu. with folding rear seats and a rear door in place of a boot. M20.
Other phrases: after one's estate according to one's means. cloth of estate: see CLOTH noun 1. enlarge an estate: see ENLARGE verb. make an estate of a thing give an interest in or title to a thing to a person. the Estates of the Realm, the three Estates of the Realm (a) the three groups constituting Parliament, now the Lords Temporal (peers), the Lords Spiritual (bishops), and the Commons; (b) the Crown, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. Third Estate (chiefly Hist.) the English commons; the French bourgeoisie and working class before the Revolution. fourth estate orig., any group regarded as having power in the land; now spec. the press.
Comb.: estate agent (a) a steward or manager of a landed estate; (b) a person who acts as agent and intermediary in the sale or lease of buildings and land; estate-bottled adjective = DOMAINE-bottled; estate car: see sense 13 above; estates bursar a person in charge of the property that belongs to a college or university as endowment or investment; estate duty an estate tax levied in Britain between 1889 and 1975; estate tax a tax on the estate of a deceased person before it passes to the beneficiaries, such as inheritance tax in Britain; estate wagon: see sense 13 above.

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