Sezession (sh) and Gallienus, Publius Licinius Egnatius (sh)

Sezession (sh)

Name for several groups of progressive artists that broke away from established and conservative artists' organizations in Austria and Germany.

The first secession group was formed in Munich in 1892. It was followed by the Berlin Sezession movement, formed by Max Liebermann in 1892, which included such artists as Lovis Corinth. The most famous of the groups, formed in Vienna in 1897 by Gustav Klimt, favoured a highly ornamental Art Nouveau style over the prevailing academicism. Shortly thereafter, murals created by Klimt for the ceiling of the University of Vienna auditorium were rejected as scandalous because of their erotic symbolism. The Sezession movement influenced such artists and architects as Egon Schiele and Josef Hoffmann. See also Photo-Secession.

Gallienus, Publius Licinius Egnatius (sh)

born §ã 218
died 268

Roman emperor who ruled jointly with his father, Valerian (253-260), then alone (260-268).

With the empire disintegrating under foreign invasions, the Senate made Gallienus co-emperor. He took charge of the western frontiers, winning a series of battles against the Goths and others. When the Persians devastated the East and his father died in captivity, Gallienus was left with only Italy and the Balkans. Later the Goths attacked anew; he was killed while trying to put down an insurgency. His reforms as emperor included the transfer of army command to professional equestrian officers, expansion of the cavalry, and an intellectual renaissance at Rome, discernible in its Art and literature.

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